Applying a clear distinction between stateless and stateful content when designing a web application is tricky but worth tackling early so that content not specific to user sessions can benefit from web caching. The technique we are trying out for scramble.com reminds me of what I described in State separation and was introduced to me by Mike Jones who was inspired by the Dynamically Update Cached Pages chapter in Advanced Rails Recipes.

The idea involves serving non session specific resources independent from personalized content and use AJAX calls to inject the page with session specific content.

require 'rubygems'
require 'sinatra'
require 'json'

configure do
  enable :sessions
end

get '/' do
  headers['Cache-Control'] = 'max-age=60, must-revalidate'
  erb :index
end

get '/userinfo' do
  if session[:user]
    JSON.dump(:user => session[:user])
  else
    halt 401
  end
end

get '/login' do
  session[:user] = 'rock'
  redirect '/'
end

get '/logout' do
  session.clear
  redirect '/'
end

Notice some of the headers for '/':

$ curl -I http://localhost:4567/
Cache-Control: max-age=60, must-revalidate
Set-Cookie: rack.session=BAh7AA%3D%3D%0A; path=/

The Cache-Control policy instructs a web cache to keep this version of the resource for 60 seconds before requesting a fresh one. Set-Cookie however will usually cause a web cache to never store the response and always query its back end.

The following configuration tells Varnish to throw away the cookie from any request/response that doesn’ match one of the URLs that require authorization, thus causing it to react to response cache policies.

sub vcl_recv {
  if (req.url !~ "^(/login|/logout|/userinfo)") {
    unset req.http.cookie;
  }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
  if (req.url !~ "^(/login|/logout|/userinfo)") {
    unset obj.http.set-cookie;
  }
}

A snippet from the HTML response for '/':

<h1>Hi</h1>
<div id="nav">
  <a href="/login" class='login-control'>Login</a>
</div>

… and the javascript for asynchronously injecting session data to the page:

$(function() {
  $.getJSON('/userinfo', function(data) {
    $('h1').text('Hi ' + data.user);
    $('#nav .login-control').attr('href', '/logout').html('logout');
  })
})

In summary, it is likely that a website will have significant amounts of content that is intended for everyone without the need for personalization. The performance of serving that content can benefit from web caching, but that becomes difficult as many websites’ user experience depends on the presence of user sessions. Separating stateless from session specific content at the resource level and using a combination of HTTP and AJAX to merge the results of requests for both types of resources will make stateless content cacheable by decoupling it from the unnecessary cookie dependency.

Runnable code example : http://pastie.org/573878

This entry was posted on Thursday, August 6th, 2009 at 1:14 pm and is filed under Software. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.